OpenStreetMap: all roads, downloaded from GeoFrabrik.
GTFS: Public transport time schedules. Downloaded from OVapi, for various dates.
TomTom congestion data: obtained from PBL, for various months and years.
Fietstelweek: measured bike speeds per link for 2015, 2016 and 2017. Downloaded from Cycling Intelligence and geographically linked to the OSM network; only links with measured trips are used (see Private transport).
Detailed fare tables 2023–2026 (boarding fare and price per km per mode, operator, concession area and line): compiled from primary sources per year (operator fare sheets and websites, provincial and regional fare decisions), with the source per row in the table.
DOVA overview of km fares 2013–2026 per concession area, plus the national boarding fare per year: obtained from DOVA.
NS price per number of tariff units 2013–2026 (full fare, 20% and 40% discount): from the official NS fare lists and HRN price tables.
NS tariff unit network and stations: from the NDOV loket.
Concession areas 2020–2026: used to assign regional legs to a concession for pricing.
OV-fiets stations: obtained from PBL
Regional units: e.g. neighbourhoods, municipality, NUTS3. Downloaded from CBS